The most common approach I’ve seen is to leave these context-specific ranges within the purview of the lab performing the test – i.e., focus on reporting abnormal & ranges with results and leave the data entry validation to the lab.
In OpenMRS, this would mean adding interpretation (abnormal flag) and a mechanism for reporting reference range to obs. If/when input validation for context-specific ranges was needed, it would either be performed in a lab module or in an integrated lab information system.